A Guide to Flying Drones in Kenya


03 Apr 2024  |   Brian Babu

In recent years, the use of drones in Kenya has skyrocketed across various industries, from agriculture to filmmaking. However, with this surge in popularity comes the need for clear understanding and adherence to the country’s drone regulations. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into Kenya’s drone laws, rules, and best practices to ensure safe and legal flying for all enthusiasts.

Understanding Kenya’s Drone Regulations

Before taking to the skies with your drone, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with Kenya’s drone regulations. The Kenya Civil Aviation Authority (KCAA) governs the operation of drones in the country, and compliance with their guidelines is mandatory. These Regulations were passed in 2020 (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) Regulations, 2020.

Civil Aviation (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) Regulations 2020

Categorization of Drone Operations

The Kenya Civil Aviation Authority of Kenya categorizes drone operations into three distinct categories based on the level of risk involved. Let’s delve into each category:

  • Category A operations, drones are flown within visual line of sight (VLOS), not exceeding 400 feet above ground level and maintaining a lateral distance of 50 meters from any individuals, buildings, or objects unrelated to the operation. Drones in this category must weigh no more than 25kg, including any additional payloads, and operations are restricted to segregated airspaces, avoiding prohibited, restricted, or danger zones unless authorized by the Authority. Operators must hold a certificate issued by the Authority to conduct operations in this category.
  • Category B operations, drones are still flown within visual line of sight, including extended visual line of sight, with parameters determined by the Authority. While these operations may occur in non-segregated airspaces, they must steer clear of controlled airspaces and be equipped with necessary safety equipment. Like Category A, operations must avoid prohibited, restricted, or danger areas and require operators to possess a valid license issued by the Authority.
  • Category C operations, drones have more flexibility, operating in any airspace not classified as prohibited, restricted, or danger, under the guidance of air traffic control (ATC). These operations may extend beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) if the drone meets required capabilities and is piloted by suitably qualified personnel. Drones in this category must obtain a Certificate of Airworthiness from the Authority, based on the type certificate issued by the State of design/manufacture, and operators must hold a valid license with appropriate ratings for the type of UAS being operated.

All consumer drones from companies like DJI, Autel and Skydio fall under Category A and therefore need to be registered with KCAA. The under 250 grams weight limit does not apply in Kenya.

Registration of Drones in Kenya

https://rpas.kcaa.or.ke/

All drones operating in Kenya must be registered with KCAA. For Kenyan citizen above the ages of 18 years, this can be done by creating an account in the KCAA RPAS Operations Management System portal. To do so one will need a certificate of good conduct, a copy of you national ID or Company registrations documents if creating an account as a Limited Company.

Once the account is created, one is required to provide detailed information about the drone, its owner or operator, and ensuring compliance with safety standards. Registration helps authorities track and monitor drone activity, ensuring accountability and safety in the airspace.

General Requirements for Drone Operations

As an owner or operator of a drone, you are responsible for ensuring the safe conduct of your operations. This includes complying with all requirements, terms, and conditions established by KCAA regarding drone operation. Additionally, you must ensure that your drone is registered, maintain operational control of the system, and securely store the drone or its components at all times.

Importing a Drone in Kenya

Importing a drone into Kenya is subject to specific requirements set forth by the Authority to ensure compliance with regulations and safety standards. Without proper authorization, importing a drone or its components is strictly prohibited.

To obtain a permit for importing a drone, individuals must adhere to a structured process outlined by the Authority. Requests for importation must be submitted online through the KCAA RPAS Operations Management System portal, accompanied by the requisite fee payment.

The application process requires the submission of certain essential documents, including identification documents, a police clearance certificate, and, if applicable, the company registration document. Additionally, a photo of the drone must be provided to facilitate the review process.

Upon receipt of the application, the Authority conducts a thorough review and due diligence process in collaboration with relevant government agencies. Approval for importation is granted only upon successful completion of the review process, after which an import permit is issued by the Authority. This stringent approach ensures that all imported drone adhere to established standards and regulations governing their operation in Kenya.

Buying a Drone in Kenya

In order for the KCAA to monitor and oversight drone operations in the country, all drones coming into the country must have an import permit issued by the Authority. Drone resellers/distributors must seek and obtain a distributer/reseller certificate from the Authority. If one brings in a drone without an import permit, the drone will be confiscated at the point of entry into the country. Below is a list of the approved drone resellers/distributors in Kenya:

Unmanned Aircraft Systems Resellers/Distributor

Temporary permits for the importation of Drones into Kenya

Temporary permits for the importation of drones into Kenya serve distinct purposes, whether for private or commercial use, each requiring compliance with specific guidelines set by the Authority.

For private use, drones imported into Kenya must not be utilized for activities aimed at financial gain, such as content creation for personal profit. Owners seeking temporary importation must apply to the Authority for approval using a registered Remote Operator Certificate holder. The application must include identification documents, drone details, a valid visa if applicable, and the intended areas of operation. Once granted, the drone must remain in the country for the specified duration outlined in the temporary import permit, with the Authority notified upon its exportation.

In the case of commercial use, operating a drone in Kenya necessitates authorization from the Authority. Applicants may request a short-term license for a period not exceeding thirty days, renewable once. The Authority may impose terms and conditions as deemed necessary, considering public interest and providing reasonable protection for Kenyan operators. Applications for drone registration are submitted online through the designated platform, accompanied by various documents such as identification, photographs of the drone, safety documentation, and liability insurance. Following the vetting and evaluation process, approval is granted upon successful review by the Authority.

Licensing of Drone Pilots in Kenya

Pilots operating drones in Kenya must obtain the necessary licenses, certifications, ratings, and authorizations from KCAA. This includes RPAs Pilot licences (RPL), ratings, certificates, and endorsements based on the type of operation and risk level. The licensing process involves meeting age requirements, demonstrating English proficiency, and passing knowledge tests prescribed by KCAA.

  1. RPAs Pilot Licence (RPL):
    • Includes Student Remote Pilot licence and Remote Pilot licence.
    • Applicants must meet age requirements, demonstrate English language proficiency, and possess a valid Class 3 Medical Certificate.
    • Student pilots must pass knowledge tests prescribed by the Authority.
  2. Ratings Issued:
    • Beyond Visual Line of Sight (B-VLOS) Rating.
    • Extended Visual Line of Sight (E-VLOS) Rating.
    • Instructor Rating.
  3. Certificate:
    • RPA Observer Certificate.
    • RPA Certificate (for class A operations).

Application and Issue of Remote Pilot Licences Requirements:

  • Applicants for Remote Pilot Licences must meet specific criteria set by the KCAA. This includes age requirements, English language proficiency, possession of a valid class 3 medical certificate, and endorsement for knowledge tests from an authorized instructor. Upon meeting these requirements, pilots can apply for remote pilot licences and undergo necessary training and testing.

There are a number of approved Unmanned Aircraft Systems Training Organizations (UTO) in Kenya. Training usually takes between 2 – 4 weeks. The fees for attaining the RPL also vary between the UTOs but generally range between Ksh. 150,000 – Ksh. 180,000. Below is a list of all approved UTOs in Kenya.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems Training Organizations (UTO)

Insurance Requirements:

  • Operators must have adequate insurance coverage for third-party risks associated with drone operations, as mandated by the KCAA. The minimum insurance policy varies depending on the drone’s category and risk level. Insurance coverage helps protect operators, third parties, and property owners in the event of accidents or incidents involving drones.

Record Keeping:

  • Maintaining detailed records of drone activities, operator organization, safety management systems, personnel training, maintenance, and security management is essential for regulatory compliance. These records help demonstrate compliance with KCAA regulations, track operational activities, and ensure accountability in the event of audits or investigations.

Validity of Licence:

  • Validity of the RPL is determined based on the age of the holder and the remaining validity of the Class 3 medical certificate. It varies between 1 and 2 years depending on age of the holder.

Privileges and Limitations:

  • Student remote pilots can’t operate solo unless supervised by an authorized RPAS instructor or under special arrangements for international flights. Remote pilots must hold a additional valid license to operate Category B and C drones.

Compliance with Operational Limitations:

  • Drone operators must comply with operational limitations set by the KCAA to ensure safe and responsible operation of their drones. These limitations may include altitude restrictions, visual line-of-sight requirements, restricted areas (e.g. Airports, National Key Points, strategic installations, national parks or protected areas); Obstacles (buildings, infrastructure, power lines, towers, etc.) and populated areas including events.

Privacy and Nuisance Considerations:

  • Respecting the privacy of individuals and property is paramount when operating drones in Kenya. Operators must obtain consent for surveillance activities and avoid causing nuisance to the public or property owners. Additionally, operators must comply with data protection laws and regulations to ensure the lawful use of drone imagery and data.

Emergency and Contingency Procedures:

  • Operators must develop and implement emergency and contingency procedures to ensure safe drone operations in case of unforeseen events. These procedures may include protocols for mitigating risks, handling emergencies, and communicating with authorities and stakeholders in the event of incidents or accidents involving drones.

Authorization and Approvals to Operate a Drone in Kenya

Authorization and approval for operating drones is a vital requirement outlined by the KCAA. Without proper authorization, operating any drone is prohibited. To obtain authorization, individuals must adhere to a structured process mandated by the Authority.

Applications for authorization must be submitted in the specified format outlined by the Authority. Along with the application, certain essential documents must be provided, including:

  1. Identification documents
  2. Drone registration certificate
  3. Proof of adequate third-party insurance cover
  4. Remote Pilot License or Certificate

Additionally, the application must detail specific areas and dates of intended operation.

Once the application is submitted, it undergoes a thorough vetting and evaluation process conducted by the Authority. This process ensures that all necessary requirements and safety measures are met.

Authorization to operate a drone is granted only upon successful completion of the review process. This stringent approach ensures that all drone operations are conducted in compliance with established regulations and safety standards.

By following these guidelines and regulations, drone enthusiasts and professionals can enjoy the benefits of drone technology while ensuring safety, compliance, and respect for privacy in Kenyan airspace. Responsible drone operation is not only a legal requirement but also a moral and ethical obligation to protect individuals, property, and the integrity of the airspace. Together, we can harness the power of drones for positive and transformative purposes while upholding the highest standards of safety and professionalism. Fly safe, fly responsibly, and enjoy the incredible opportunities that drone technology brings to Kenya and beyond!

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